- 1610: Galileo
- 1676: Ole Rømer
- 1687: Isaac Newton
- 1781: William Herschel
- 1838: Friedrich Bessel
- 1861: William and Margaret Huggins
- 1912: Henrietta Leavitt
- 1917 Einstein
- 1920: Harlow Shapley
- 1929 Edwin Hubble
- 1948: Ralph Alpher
- 1949: Fred Hoyle
- 1963: Maarten Schmidt
- 1964: Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
- 1978: Vera Rubin and Kent Ford
- 1989: Margaret Geller and John Huchra
- 1992: John Mather and George Smoot
- 1995: Robert Williams
- 1998: Saul Perlmutter and Brian Schmidt
- 2010: Wendy Freedman
Large Scale Structure Emerges
As the number of galaxies mapped in three dimensions grew from hundreds to thousands to tens of thousands large scale structures began to emerge. It appeared that galaxies were not distributed uniformly throughout space. Rather there were huge voids, like vast bubbles where there were no galaxies at all, and long filiaments and sheets filled with galaxies. The largest structure of all, known as the “Great Wall” of galaxies was discovered and reported in 1989, which is when Geller’s and Huchra’s project came to the attention of the media.