- 1610: Galileo
- 1676: Ole Rømer
- 1687: Isaac Newton
- 1781: William Herschel
- 1838: Friedrich Bessel
- 1861: William and Margaret Huggins
- 1912: Henrietta Leavitt
- 1917 Einstein
- 1920: Harlow Shapley
- 1929 Edwin Hubble
- 1948: Ralph Alpher
- 1949: Fred Hoyle
- 1963: Maarten Schmidt
- 1964: Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
- 1978: Vera Rubin and Kent Ford
- 1989: Margaret Geller and John Huchra
- 1992: John Mather and George Smoot
- 1995: Robert Williams
- 1998: Saul Perlmutter and Brian Schmidt
- 2010: Wendy Freedman
Giant Magellan Telescope
The Giant Magellan Telescope, currently planned for completion in 2018, will have seven mirrors, each 8.4 meters (nearly 28 feet) in diameter that will work together as one. Improvements in “adaptive optics” will make it possible to adjust the mirrors automatically thousands of times per second to compensate for rapid changes in the air. Projects for the new telescope will include:
- Determining the large-scale structure of matter and energy in the universe.
- Understanding the dawn of the modern Universe and the first stars and galaxies.
- Understanding the formation and evolution of black holes.
- Studying the formation of stars and planets.
- Understanding the impact of the space environment on the Earth.
Wendy Freedman describes the Giant Magellan Telescope on a short video at the following location: http://obs.carnegiescience.edu/animations/GMT-short.mov