- 1610: Galileo
- 1676: Ole Rømer
- 1687: Isaac Newton
- 1781: William Herschel
- 1838: Friedrich Bessel
- 1861: William and Margaret Huggins
- 1912: Henrietta Leavitt
- 1917 Einstein
- 1920: Harlow Shapley
- 1929 Edwin Hubble
- 1948: Ralph Alpher
- 1949: Fred Hoyle
- 1963: Maarten Schmidt
- 1964: Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
- 1978: Vera Rubin and Kent Ford
- 1989: Margaret Geller and John Huchra
- 1992: John Mather and George Smoot
- 1995: Robert Williams
- 1998: Saul Perlmutter and Brian Schmidt
- 2010: Wendy Freedman
1993 Activity: Investigate the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Almost every point of light in the Ultra Deep Field image is a galaxy. Download the highest resolution image that your computer can handle, after first reading the warning on the Hubble site at: http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/the_universe/pr2004007m/warn/
Zoom in gradually, watching the images grow until the individual pixels become bothersome.
Find a part of the image that shows the shapes of several galaxies, and compare the shapes with the types of galaxies shown below. Tally the number of galaxies of different types. Are they distributed randomly? Or is one type of galaxy more common than another?
Further ideas for exploring the Hubble Deep Field images can be found at:
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/teachers/galaxies/imagine/act_id_galaxies.html